学位论文是指为了获得所修学位，按要求被授予学位的人所撰写的论文。根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》的规定，学位论文分为学士论文、硕士论文、博士论文三种。
【一】参考文献规范格式
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & I.Gordon.;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).
【举例】
[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.
[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.
[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.
6.研究报告
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-10.
7.条例
【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期
【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05
8.译著
【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
三、注释
注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。
注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献
参考文献与文中注(王小龙，2005)对应。
标号在标点符号内。
多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等 ，并列写出来。
最后，引用毕业论文属于学位论文，如格式5
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.
【二】陕西师范大学外国语学院英语系
英语教育专业本科生学士学位论文参考文献书写格式
APA Formatting and Style Guide[ This guide is adapted and abridged from the “APA Formatting and Style Guide” written by David Neyhart and Erin Karper,
and last revised by Jodi Wagner,
which is on
APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This guide,
compiled according to the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual[ The fifth edition of the APA Publication Manual provides expanded coverage of technological advances in publishing,
as well as the most up-to-date information on APA style guidelines and more in-depth coverage of case studies,
tables,
and lots more. Visit
offers examples for the general format of APA research papers,
in-text citations,
endnotes/footnotes,
and the reference page.
For more information about formatting an APA style paper,
consult the publication manual,
visit APA Style Essentials,
or view a Sample APA Report or an APA Simulated Journal Article. Annotated bibliography writers might want to visit APA Format for Annotated Bibliographies. (Additional formatting resources,
including Microsoft Word templates,
are available in our Additional Resources section.)
1.In-Text Citations: The Basics
Reference citations in text are covered on pages 207-214 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.
Note: APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research. E.g.,
Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found...
1.1.APA Citation Basics
When using APA format,
follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text,
E.g.,(Jones,1998),
and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material,
or making reference to an entire book,
article or other work,
you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference.
1.2.In-Text Citation Capitalization,
Quotes,
and Italics/Underlining
Always capitalize proper nouns,
including author names and initials: D. Jones.
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper,
capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs,
nouns,
pronouns,
adjectives,
and adverbs: Writing New Media,
There Is Nothing Left to Lose. (Note that in your References list,
only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.)
When capitalizing titles,
capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs.
Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: “Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock’s Vertigo.”
Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books,
edited collections,
movies,
television series,
documentaries,
or albums: The Closing of the American Mind;
The Wizard of Oz;
Friends.
Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles,
articles from edited collections,
television series episodes,
and song titles: “Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds”;
“The One Where Chandler Can’t Cry.”
1.3.Short Quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work,
you will need to include the author,
year of publication,
and the page number for the reference (preceded by “p.”). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.
According to Jones (1998),
“Students often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).
Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using APA style” (p. 199);
what implications does this have for teachers?
If the author is not named in a signal phrase,
place the author’s last name,
the year of publication,
and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated,
“Students often had difficulty using APA style,” (Jones,
1998,
p. 199),
but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
1.4.Long Quotations
Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines,
and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line,
indented five spaces from the left margin. Type the entire quotation on the new margin,
and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation five spaces from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after closing punctuation mark.